Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
TMS is a form of neuromodulation, a non-invasive technique that does not rely on causing seizures (like ECT) which stimulates brain tissue.
The process involves placing an electromagnetic coil on the head to deliver a short powerful burst of magnetic energy (1.5, Tesla similar to the power of an MRI scanner) through the scalp to induce electric current in the brain. TMS is a relatively new treatment method for mental health conditions but as been well established in neuroscience research experiments and as a clinical application for neurological conditions. It has been used for over 15 years in other countries such as the USA, China and Japan but has only been introduced to the UK since 2015 for mental health conditions. TMS is not currently funded by the NHS unless by special financial arrangements.
TMS compared to other treatments
Antidepressants
- NICE approved
- Non-invasive
- Outpatient treatment
- Require ongoing medication to maintain recovery
Side Effects
- Decreased sexual appetite
- Diarrhoea/Constipation
- Dizziness
- Fatigue (sedation)
- Headache
- Heart complications
- Increased appetite/Weight gain
- Nausea
- Sweating
- Tremor and shakes
ECT
- NICE approved
- Invasive
- Usually an in-patient treatment
- Requires 10-12 treatments over 5 to 6 weeks
- Recovery may not last and may require maintenance treatment
- Requires general anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation
Side Effects
- Confusion
- Death 2.1/100,000 treatments
- Disorientation
- Headaches
- Anaesthetic complications
- Memory loss
- Muscle aches
TMS
- NICE approved
- Non-invasive
- Outpatient treatment
- Recovery over 4-6 weeks
- Minimal side effects
- Does not require anaesthesia
Side Effects
- Headache
- 1 in 80,000 risk of seizures
- Feeling tired after treatment
- Feeling faint (Syncope)
